世新大學九十一學年度碩士班招生考試試題

系所別	考試科目
社會發展研究所	英文

※ 考生請於答案卷內作答

Read the following two passages carefully and rewrite each in Chinese.

1. Weber and Values, by Tony Barnett

You should note two points in relation to Weber’s theory. The first is that, unlike the social evolutionists, he did not see any necessary pattern or direction of development in history. The second is that he did not try to adopt a positivist scientific method similar to that used by the physical sciences. Rather, he said societies have to explained in their own terms, not in terms of general theories of the kind that we have seen Durkheim producing. While we can use rigorous and clear research techniques－surveys, documents－the theory we produce can only be a precise description of the way any particular society works, and the way we give that description will be strongly affected by the reasons that we have for asking the question in the first place. So Weber did not believe that you could approach any problem in sociology except from your own value position. This is important because in the very political waters of the sociology of development, some writers try to give an impression of scientific neutrality.

2. Freedom and Development, by J. Nyerere

A country, or village, or a community, cannot be developed; it can only develop itself. For real development means the development, the growth, of people. Every country in Africa can show examples of modern facilities which have been provided for the people－and which are now rotting unused. We have schools, irrigation works, expensive markets, and so on－things by which someone came and tried to “bring development to the people”. If real development is to take place, the people have to be involved…For the truth is that development means the development of people. Roads, buildings, the increase of crop output, and other things of this nature, are not development; they are only tools of development. Anew road extends a man’s freedom only if he travels upon it.